The United States conducted a series of high-altitude nuclear tests, known as Operation Fishbowl, in the early 1960s, which included detonating nuclear bombs in space. The primary motivation behind these tests was to gather scientific data and study the effects of nuclear explosions at high altitudes.

The specific purpose of the high-altitude nuclear tests was to investigate the potential use of nuclear weapons in space and their impact on military and strategic capabilities. During the Cold War, there was significant interest in developing anti-ballistic missile (ABM) systems and understanding the effects of nuclear explosions on communication and surveillance satellites.

By detonating nuclear weapons in space, scientists and military planners aimed to assess the effects of electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) generated by the explosions. EMPs are intense bursts of electromagnetic energy that can disrupt or damage electronic systems and infrastructure. Understanding the characteristics of EMPs was crucial for developing protective measures and hardening electronic equipment against potential attacks or disruptions.

However, it is important to note that the risks and potential environmental consequences associated with these high-altitude nuclear tests were not fully understood at the time. Subsequent research and advancements in scientific knowledge have led to a greater recognition of the potential hazards and long-term effects of nuclear explosions, both on the environment and human health.

Since the early 1960s, international agreements and treaties, such as the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963, have imposed restrictions on nuclear testing, including prohibiting the detonation of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, space, or underwater.